Matter is everything that has mass and occupies a place in space, that is, matter has volume and mass. Examples of matter are: trees, stars, air, a chair, a bicycle, etc.
Matter is formed from the combination of chemical elements, the same or different, which are made up of particles: protons, electrons and neutrons.
The combination of these three particles form atoms, which when joined by chemical bonds, constitute the diversity of materials that we know.
Difference between matter, body and object
A limited part of matter is a body. When a body receives a specific function, it becomes an object.
Example:
Composition of matter
The different types of materials that exist are due to the different forms of organization of atoms in matter. Matter can present itself as a substance or a mixture.
Substances
Pure substances are formed by only one chemical species and, therefore, their composition and properties are fixed. This type of material can be classified as simple or compound.
A pure substance is simple when it consists of just one chemical element, for example, oxygen (O 2 ) from the air we breathe and iron metal (Fe).
When at least two elements come together through a chemical bond, it is characterized as a compound substance, such as water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
Mixtures
When the pure substances come together, a mixture is formed, as they retain their individual properties.
The mixtures can be homogeneous and have only one phase, such as saline (mixture of water and sodium chloride, NaCl), or heterogeneous, in which more than one phase can be seen, such as milk (the particles are suspended in the liquid).
Matter properties
The properties of matter encompass the characteristics common to all materials and the peculiarities that differentiate them.
| General Properties of Matter | |
|---|---|
| General properties are those that apply to any matter, regardless of its constitution. | |
| PastaVolumeInertiaImpenetrabilityDivisibility | CompressibilityElasticityIndestructibilityExtensionDiscontinuity |
| Specific Properties of Matter | |
|---|---|
| The specific properties are exclusive characteristics of a given matter and, therefore, it can be seen as a difference from the others. | |
| Chemicals | Physical |
| FuelOxidizingCorrosiveExplosive | Fusion pointBoiling pointSolubilityMagnetism |
| Organoleptics | Functional |
| ColorFlavorOdorTexture | AcidsBasesSaltsOxides |
Relationship between matter and energy
The energy is used to transform or moving the subject. Therefore, what in the universe is not classified as matter, is energy.
Examples of energy are: chemical energy, electrical energy, thermal energy, nuclear energy and mechanical energy.
Matter is presented in three physical states: solid, liquid and gaseous and can undergo a physical or chemical transformation through applied energy.
A physical transformation of matter occurs when there is a transition from one physical state to another, as there is no change in its composition.
For example: if we add thermal energy to an ice cube, the heat will make the water go from solid to liquid.
A chemical transformation of matter causes two substances to react and form a new material. This occurs through chemical reactions, with absorption or release of energy.
For example: two gases, hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ), can come together and generate the substance water (H 2 O).