The biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus is simpler compared to other elements, such as carbon and nitrogen.
In the phosphorus cycle, this element does not pass through the atmosphere.
Phosphorus is the only macronutrient that does not exist in the atmosphere. It is found only in its solid form in the rocks.
Only one phosphorus compound is important for living things – the phosphate ion .
The phosphorus cycle is important because it influences the growth and survival of living beings.
Stages of the Phosphorus Cycle
The main reservoir of phosphorus in nature is rocks.
The cycle begins when the rocks are weathered and release the phosphate ion in the soil.
Thus, this compound can be carried to rivers, oceans and lakes or incorporated by living beings.
When used by living beings, they can return to nature during the decomposition of organic matter.
Phospholizing bacteria act in this process and turn phosphorus into a soluble compound, which can be easily dissolved in water.
Phosphorus can be taken to rivers, lakes and seas. In aquatic environments, phosphorus can be used by living beings or sediment and be incorporated into the rocks in formation.
Over time, the rocks undergo weathering and the cycle begins again.
Thus, the phosphorus cycle can be differentiated in two aspects related to time scales:
- Ecological time cycle : occurs in a relatively short time. It happens when a part of the phosphorus atoms is recycled between soil, plants, animals and decomposers.
- Geological time cycle : occurs over a long time. It happens when another part of the phosphorus atoms is sedimented and incorporated into the rocks.