Extinct animals are those that have disappeared from nature and captivity. Human action is primarily responsible for the disappearance of species.
The determination to include an animal on the extinct list can take years and several researches are carried out. This only happens when no record of the live animal is identified, even with intensive searches in different periods.
Therefore, there are several classifications, such as animals that are extinct in nature, but that still exist in captivity and animals that are extinct regionally, those that ceased to exist only in a certain location. In addition, a large number of species are critically endangered.
Brazil presents a list of 8 extinct species, according to ordinances published by the Ministry of the Environment, in 2014:
1. Noronha rat
The Noronha rat ( Noronhomys vespuccii ) is a mammal that existed in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago and disappeared even at the time of the first colonizers. Its existence was only known through the study of fossils.
One of the explanations for the disappearance of the Norse rat was the introduction of another species of rat ( Rattus rattus ), native to Asia, brought by the colonizers in their boats. This rat also brought some diseases to our country, such as bubonic plague.
2. Caburé-de-pernambuco
The caburé-de-pernambuco ( Glaucidium mooreorum ) is a species of owl that inhabited the Atlantic Forest, in the region of the state of Pernambuco.
This species was described in 2002 and since then there have been no other records of its presence in the forests. The reason for the disappearance of the caburé-de-pernambuco is the destruction of its habitat as a result of deforestation.
3. Northeast screamer
The screamer-of-the-northeast ( Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti ) is a bird that inhabited the Atlantic Forest, between the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas.
The name of the species is due to the fact that the bird emits sounds similar to screams when capturing its prey. The species was last visualized in 2005, and in 2014 it was scientifically described based on stuffed individuals collected in the 1980s.
4. Northeast leaf cleaner
The northeastern leaf cleaner ( Philydor novaesi ) is an endemic bird of the Atlantic Forest, in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco. The bird was last seen in 2011.
The fragmentation and destruction of forests were the main responsible for the extinction of the northeast leaf cleaner.
5. Green frog tree frog
The green frog ( Phrynomedusa fimbriata ) occurred in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, in the municipality of Santo André, in São Paulo.
It was last seen in 1923, due to the lack of information about the species, the researchers have not yet concluded what may have caused its disappearance.
6. Eskimo blowtorch
The Eskimo curlew ( Numenius borealis ) is an extinct species in the Brazilian territory, where it was a common visitor during its migration from Canada to South America.
In Brazil, the species has not been seen since 1930 and is believed to be really extinct worldwide.
Indiscriminate hunting and destruction of forests are primarily responsible for the extinction of the Eskimo curlew.
7. Little blue macaw
The little blue macaw ( Anodorhynchus glaucus ) is an extinct bird in Brazilian territory and in captivity. In Brazil, the last visualization of the species occurred more than 80 years ago.
Naturally, the species was not common in its range, which encompassed northern Argentina, southern Paraguay, northeast Uruguay and southern Brazil. Thus, it became more vulnerable to extinction due to poaching and habitat destruction.
8. Big red breast
The great red breast ( Sturnella defilippii ) is a bird that is endangered in Brazilian territory. In Brazil, the species was last seen in the 70s.
However, it has been seen more recently in Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina, where populations are small and critically endangered.