Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae .
Its main characteristic is related to the problems associated with the small intestine, such as diarrhea.
It is considered a dangerous disease, so if left untreated, it can lead to death due to the intense dehydration it causes.
All individuals of any age can contract the disease. Although, it reaches children more.
Cholera is a disease that was diagnosed in antiquity. Fortunately, cholera outbreaks are decreasing more and more in the world.
However, less favored countries (mainly on the African and Asian continents) still suffer from the disease, which leads to the death of thousands of people. On the other hand, in developed countries cholera is considered a rare disease.
Streaming
Cholera is transmitted through poorly washed, undercooked foods (especially seafood), untreated water, among others. Therefore, it is closely related to the lack of basic sanitation in the area.
That is, poorer places where there is no sewage or water treatment, are more likely to spread the disease.
A notable example are human settlements, where hygiene conditions are unfavorable for humans, in addition to the scarcity of drinking water.
It is important to highlight that infected people can transmit to others through feces. Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is made by examining stool.
Symptoms
Once the bacteria is contracted, the symptoms of cholera can appear hours later or in a few days. The main symptoms are:
- Severe diarrhea
- Dehydration
- Dry skin and mouth
- Excessive thirst
- Weight loss
- Weakness
- Tachycardia
- Low pressure
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal cramps
- Muscle cramps
Note : Once you contract the disease, you become immune for the rest of your life.
Treatment
Treatment for cholera includes:
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Eat well
- Make salt replacement
- Taking zinc supplements
- Use antibiotics
Prevention
Prevention against cholera begins with the improvement of the sewage, water and food systems related to hygiene conditions. These factors are essential to prevent this disease.
Experts recommend washing your hands and food well before consuming them. In addition, people should avoid eating raw or undercooked food and always consume drinking water.
There is also the cholera vaccine, administered orally. In addition to immunizing against this disease, it provides protection against another bacteria that also causes diarrhea: Escherichia coli ( E. coli. ).
However, this vaccine protects the individual for a short period of time, approximately six months.