It is an alteration of the semen of the man that is characterized by the low mobility of the spermatozoa.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), values equal to or greater than 50% of motile spermatozoa with displacement, or values equal to or greater than 25% of motile spermatozoa with a rectilinear trajectory and a speed of 25 µm / sec, are considered normal. Lower levels imply a fertility problem .
Diagnosis
It is one of the many problems of male sterility . The test done to diagnose it is called a seminogram. If you intend to have offspring, it is important to know the values of sperm capacity and it is recommended to read the indications for artificial insemination, conventional IVF (in vitro fertilization) and ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection).
After the diagnosis of azoospermia, when trying to have offspring, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is indicated, which is a more complex variant of in vitro fertilization.
Genetic diagnosis
Preimplantation (PGD) in the embryos to verify that the sperm that fertilized the ovum did not have genetic abnormalities. Obtaining sperm requires a small surgery on the testicles or epididymis , such as MESA (aspiration of sperm from the epididymis) or TESE (extraction of sperm from the testicle). This will depend on the particular case of the patient.
Causes of infertility in men
There are many causes, including all the factors related to sperm production: from hormonal factors (alteration in the production of pituitary hormones ), testicular (inflammation, infection, temperature, absence of testicles) or post-testicular factors such as factors that affect the output of sperm. But in many cases, the true causes will not be diagnosed. There is also much comment on environmental factors such as diet or the pace of life in Western society that can influence the quality of semen.
Treatment of these last processes
If there are underlying causes, it may be the presence of a varicocele, surgery should be carried out on it; in the same way, if there is an infectious process, treat it. In any case, severe asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia are difficult to treat and only assisted reproductive techniques can be successful. For all this, you should go to a center specialized in all these methodologies.