The Cardinals Points are points of orientation in space land which are related to the sun’s position .
The sun appears every morning, approximately on the same side of the horizon and sets at dusk, on the opposite side.
Based on these two sides as a reference, the cardinal points were established : north, south, east and west, as determined:
- East (L): the side where the sun appears on the horizon in the morning indicates the east.
- West (O): the side where the sun disappears on the horizon indicates the west.
- North (N): the side in front of you when extending your right arm in the direction in which the sun rises.
- South (S): the side on your back when you extend your right arm in the direction in which the sun rises.
Note that the “western” cardinal point may appear represented by the letter (W), influenced by the English language ( West ).
Likewise, the cardinal point “east” may appear represented by the letter (E), also due to the influence of the English language ( East ).
Side Points
Among the cardinal points there are 28 more points that are formed between them called Collateral Points , as determined:
- Northeast (NE) – located between north (N) and east (L).
- Southeast (SE) – located between south (S) and east (L).
- Northwest (NO) – located between north (N) and west (O).
- Southwest (SO) – located between south and west (O).
With the eight reference points, a drawing is formed, known as Rosa-dos-Ventos , which can also be represented with points other than cardinals and collaterals.
Orientation by the Moon
The moon also serves to guide us. Like the sun, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west.
Thus, to orient ourselves by the moon, we must proceed as in the case of the sun: extend your right arm in the direction where it is born (east).
The left arm will correspond to (west), in front of us will be (north) and to our backs (south).